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100 metres at the Olympics
The 100 metres at the Summer Olympics has been contested since the first edition of the multi-sport event. The men's 100 m has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1896 and the women's 100 m has been held continuously since its introduction at the 1928 Games. The 100 metres is considered one of the blue ribbon events of the Olympics and is among the highest profile competitions at the games. It is the most prestigious 100 m race at elite level and is the shortest sprinting competition at the Olympics – a position it has held at every edition except for a brief period between 1900 to 1904, when a men's 60 metres was contested.〔(Athletics Men's 60 metres Medalists ). Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-01-26.〕
The first Olympic champions were both Americans: Thomas Burke in the men's category and, 32 years later, Betty Robinson in the women's category. The most recent winners of the event, at the 2012 Summer Olympics, were Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce – the two Jamaican athletes both successfully defended their titles from the 2008 Beijing Olympics.〔(Athletics Men's 100 metres Medalists ). Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-01-26.〕〔(Athletics Women's 100 metres Medalists ). Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-01-26.〕 The Olympic records for the event are 9.63 seconds, set by Bolt in 2012, and 10.62 seconds, set by Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988.〔Hayward, Paul (2012-08-06). (Usain Bolt wins men's 100m Olympic final in 9.63 seconds to seal legacy ). ''The Daily Telegraph''. Retrieved on 2014-01-26.〕〔Rosenbaum, Mike (Women's Olympic Records ). About Track and Field. Retrieved on 2014-01-26.〕〔(Olympic Games records ). IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-26.〕 The world records for the event have been equalled or broken during the Olympics on seven occasions in the men's category and on twelve occasions in the women's.
Among the competing nations, the United States has had the most success in this event, having won sixteen golds in the men's race and nine in the women's race. Five athletes have won back-to-back titles: Wyomia Tyus (1964–68), Carl Lewis (1984–88), Gail Devers (1992–96), Usain Bolt (2008–12), and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (2008–12). Merlene Ottey is the only athlete to win three medals, with her one silver and two bronze medals.〔〔
Many athletes that compete in this event also compete individually in the Olympic 200 metres and with their national teams in the Olympic 4×100 metres relay. African-American and Afro-Caribbean men and women have had particular success in the Olympic event since the mid-20th century. The last male finalist who was not of predominantly African heritage was Allan Wells in 1980; Wells was Olympic champion that year.
Two of the highest profile doping scandals have involved the Olympic 100 m competition: Ben Johnson won the 1988 Olympic 100 m title in a world record time of 9.79 seconds but was later stripped of the titles after failing a drug test. Marion Jones was the 2000 women's Olympic 100 m gold medallist but had her results annulled after admitting to using performance-enhancing drugs during her Olympic victory. These controversies have affected public perceptions of drug usage among sprint athletes, as well as track and field and the Olympics in general.
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